BLOOD AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Compiled by Oba Mike

1. White blood cells have the following characteristics except:

a. They are colourless and transparent

b. Some contain granules, which aid their function

c. They contain haemoglobin

d. They produce antibodies

2. Which is not a characteristic of neutrophils?

a. Possession of bilobed nucleus

b. Killing by phagocytosis

c. presence of cytoplasmic granules

d.Taking up acidic stain

3. Red blood cells have a lifespan of ___________ days

a. 90 days

b. 120 days

c. 130 days

d. 140 days

4. Which of the following is true about blood clotting and its factors?

a. Fibrinogen is soluble

b. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin

c. Thrombin converts inactive fibrinogen into active thrombin

d. Thrombin is converted into prothrombin

5. Concerning lymphocytes, pick the incorrect statement.

a. They are the largest white blood cells

b. Some get matured in the thymus

c. They are found in lymph nodes.

d. They contain granules

6. The left atrium receives blood from:

a. Pulmonary vein

b. Pulmonary artery

c. Venae Cavae

d. Biscuspid valve

7. The natural pacemaker of the heart is:

a. Conduction system

b. Atrioventricular node

c. Sinoatrial node

d. Cardiac muscle

8. The location of the heart is:

a. Pericardium

b. Pericardial cavity

c. Myocardium

d. Mediastinum of the thoracic cavity

9. Which layer of the heart consists primarily of cardiac muscle tissue?

a. Epicardium

b. Pericardium

c. Endocardium

d. Myocardium

10. As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through:

a. Tricuspid valve

b. Bicuspid valve

c. Pulmonary valve

d. Aortic valve

11. Blood pressure is measured with an instrument called:

a. Electrocardiogram

b. Electrocephalograph

c. Sphygmomanometer

d. Thermometer

12. Normal blood pressure for a healthy young adult is:

a. 120/80 mmHg

b. 130/80 mmHg

c. 80/100 mmHg

d. 80/120 mmHg

13. Pick the correct statement:

a. Antigen A and antibody B can exist in the same red blood cell membrane

b. Antigen A and antibody B cannot exist in the same red blood cell membrane

c. Antigen A and antibody A can exist in the same red blood cell membrane

d. Antigen A is causes agglutination with antibody B

14. In the ABO system of blood grouping, you can be type:

a. A

b. B

c. ABO

d. A, B, AB or O

15. A condition that may require blood transfusion is:

a. Need to look healthy

b. Loss of blood due to accident

c. Malaria

d. All of the above

16. The red colouration of blood is due to the presence of:

a. Red blood cell

b. Plasma

c. Haemoglobin

d. Red solute

17. A record of the electrical activities of the heart is called:

a. Autorhythmicity 

b. Electrocardiogram

c. Cardiac output

d. Cardiac cycle

18. _____________ circulation is responsible for the oxygenation of blood:

a. Pulmonary circulation

b. Systemic circulation

c. Portal circulation

d. Coronary circulation

19. Cardiac cycle can be called:

a. Heartbeat

b. Cardiac output

c. Pulse

d. Systole

20. The chamber of the heart that receives venous blood from body tissues:

a. Left atrium

b. Right atrium

c. Left ventricle

d. Right ventricle

21. Backflow of blood from left ventricle to the left atrium is disabled by:

a. Biscuspid valve

b. Tricuspid valve

c. Aortic valve

d. Pulmonary valve

22. The right atrioventricular valve can also be called:

a. Tricuspid valve

b. Bicuspid valve

c. Mitral valve

d. Aortic valve

23. The double-layered covering of the heart is:

a. Myocardium

b. Pericardium

c. Endocardium

d. Epicardium

24. An anterior relation of the heart is:

a. Sternum

b. Diaphragm

c. Lung

d. Thoracic vertebra

25. The average mass of the heart in men is:

a. 100 grams

b. 125 grams

c. 200 grams

d. 225 grams

26. The heart is confined to the mediastinum by:

a. Ribs

b. Sternum

c. Pericardium

d. Myocardium

27. The apex of the heart is directed:

Inferomedially

inferolaterally 

Superomedially

Superolaterally

28. An external feature of the heart is:

Bicuspid valve

Coronary artery

Semilunar valve

Subclavian artery

29. The outer layer of the heart is:

Pericardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

Myocardium

30. 95% of the heart is:

a. Pericardium

b. Myocardium

c. Endocardium

d. Epicardium

31. The internal lining of the heart is composed of:

a. Simple squamous epithelial cells

b. Simple cuboidal epithelial cells

c. Simple columnar epithelial cells

d.Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells

32. The function of the endocardium is:

a. Pumping of blood

b. storage of blood

c. control of friction

d. Maintenance of shape

33. Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through:

a. Bicuspid valve

b. Tricuspid valve

c. Mitral valve

d. Semilunar valve

34. Deoxygenated blood flows to the lungs via:

a. Pulmonary artery

b. Pulmonary vein

c. Aorta

d. Bronchial artery

35. The base of the heart is most related to:

a. Right atrium

b. Right ventricle

c. Left atrium

d. Left ventricle

36. The thickest chamber of the heart is :

a. Right atrium

b. Right ventricle

c. Left atrium

d. Left ventricle

37. The first branch of the aorta is:

a. Brachiocephalic artery

b. Vertebral artery

c. Coronary artery

d. Pulmonary artery

38. Which of these is not a branch from the aortic arch?

a. Pulmonary trunk

b. Brachiocephalic trunk

c. Left common carotid artery

d. Left subclavian artery

39. The first portion of the aorta is:

a. Arch of aorta

b. Ascending aorta

c. Descending aorta

d. Thoracic aorta

40. Oxygen poor blood from the heart tissues enters the right atrium majorly from:

a. Coronary sinus

b. Superior vena cava

c. Inferior vena cava

d. Pulmonary vein

41. Blood leaving the heart usually pass through:

a. Atrioventricular valves

b. Semilunar valves

c. Mitral valve

d. Tricuspid valve

42. Which of these statements is false?

a. Oxygenated blood is confined to the left chambers of the heart

b. The pulmonary trunk is an artery

c. The coronary sinus is a vein

d. Mitral valve is a semilunar valve

43. Blood supply to the heart tissue is via:

a. Superior Vena cava

b. Coronary artery

c. Pulmonary artery

d. Cardiac artery

44. The population of autorhythmic fibres is:

a. 1% of myocardium

b. 5% of myocardium

c. 10% of myocardium

d. 15% of myocardium

45. Action potentials generated by the sinoatrial node can produce:

a. 20 – 40 heartbeats / min

b. 40 – 60 heartbeats / min

c. 60 – 80 heartbeats / min

d. 60 – 100 heartbeats /min

46. An electrical gateway to the ventricle is:

a. Sinoatrial node

b. Atrioventricular node

c. Atrioventricular bundle

d. Purkinje fibre

The entire ventricular myocardium receive action potentials via:

a. Sinoatrial node

b. Bundle of HIS

c. Bundle branches

d. Purkinje fibres

48. The secondary pacemaker of the heart is:

a. Sinoatrial node

b. Atrioventricular node

c. Atrioventricular bundle

 d. Purkinje fibre

49. Action potentials from the right atrium spread to the left atrium via:

a. Gap junctions

b. Interatrial septum

c. atrioventricular bundle

d. Purkinje fibres

50.  The smallest blood vessels are:

a. Arteries

b. Arterioles

c. Capillaries

d. Venules

51. Distribution of blood to tissues through the interstitial fluid is done by:

a. Arteries

b. Arterioles

c. Capillaries

d. Venules

52. Return of blood to the heart is begun by:

a. Arteries

b. Veins

c. Venules

d. Arterioles

53. The inner lining of an artery is composed of :

a. Simple squamous epithelium

b. Simple cuboidal epithelium

c. Simple columnar epithelium

d. Transitional epithelium

54. Friction of blood flow in a blood vessel is regulated by:

a. Endocardium

b. Endothelium

c. Myocardium

d. Epicardium

55. Vasodilation means:

a. Increase in the lumen of a blood vessel

b. Decrease in the lumen of a blood vessel

c. Contraction of smooth muscle

d. Relaxation of cardiac muscle

56. Vasoconstriction can lead to:

a. Increase in blood pressure

b. Decrease in blood pressure

c. Decrease in blood volume

d. Increase in systemic circulation

57. The flow of blood to and from the heart tissue is called:

a. Pulmonary circulation

b. Systemic circulation

c. Coronary circulation

d. Portal Circulation

58.  Which of these is not a layer of a blood vessel?

a. Tunica intima

b. Tunica externa

c. Tunica medialis

d’ Tunica adventitia

59. The largest arteries in the body are:

Mucular arteries

a. Elastic arteries

b. Systemic arteries

c. Pulmonary arteries

60. The Superior mesenteric artery is an example of :

a. Elastic artery

 b. Muscular artery

 c. Pulmonary artery

 d. coronary artery

61. An artery that is both muscular and systemic is:

a. Aorta

b. Pulmonary trunk

c. Coronary sinus

d. Renal artery

 62. Elastic arteries are also called:

a. Systemic arteries

b. Conducting arteries

c. Distributing arteries

d. Coronary vessels

63. Which of these is not a distributing artery?

a. Renal artery

b. Common iliac artery

c. Hepatic artery

d. Phrenic artery

64. Blood flow into capillaries is regulated by:

Arterioles

Venules

Arteries

Veins

65. Which blood vessels contain valves?

a. Arteries

b. Arterioles

c. Capillaries

d. Veins

66. The abdominal aorta gives off the following branches except:

a. Celiac trunk

b. Inferior mesenteric artery

c. Bronchial artery

d. Gonadal artery

67. The Blood supply to the right upper limb originates from:

a. Brachiocephalic trunk

b. Subclavian artery

c. Common carotid artery

d. Celiac trunk

68. The blood supply to the duodenum is via:

a. Renal artery

b. Gonadal artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

d. Inferior mesenteric artery

69. The left subclavian artery is a branch from:

a. Ascending aorta

b. Arch of aorta

c. Thoracic aorta

d. Abdominal aorta

70. The right and left brachiocephalic veins unite to form:

a. Superior vena cava

b. Inferior vena cava

c. Coronary sinus

d. Hepatic portal vein

71. Which of these is not a function of blood?

a. Distribution of nutrients

b. Breakdown of food

c. Exchange of gases

d. Regulation of water balance

72. The following are normal components of blood except

a. Lymphocytes

b. Platelets

c. Adipocytes

d. Fibrinogen

73. The normal pH range of blood is:

a. 4.5 – 5.5

b. 5.5 – 7.5

c. 7.35 – 7.45

d. 9.5 – 12.5

74. The most abundant component of blood is:

a. Plasma

b. Red blood cells

c. White blood cells

d. sPlatelets

75. The packed cell volume (PCV) is used to determine:

a. The quality of erythrocytes in blood

b. The quantity of erythrocytes in blood

c. The presence of pathogens in blood

d. Cardiac rate

76. Females have a lower packed cell volume compared with their corresponding males due to:

a. The presence of estrogen

b. Lower testosterone level

c. High body fat

d. Few bone marrow

77. In sickle-cell anaemia, the red blood cells are:

a. Absent

b. Scanty

c. Crescent-shaped

d. Death

78. A known characteristic of erythrocytes is:

a..Absence of nucleus

b. Convex-shaped

c. Possession of granules

d. Lifespan of 13 days

79.  An example of a granulocyte is:

a. Neutrophil

b. Lymphocyte

c. Monocyte

d. Erythrocyte

80. The largest white blood cells are:

a. Monocytes

b. Neutrophils

c. Basophils

d. Lymphocytes

81. The first step in haemostasis is:

a. Vasoconstriction

b. Platelet plug formation

c. Coagulation

d. Blood clotting

82. Coagulation also means:

a. Blood formation

b. Blood clotting

c. Haemostasis

d. Agglutination

83 During haemostasis, serotonin contributes to:

a. Vasoconstriction

b. Platelet plug formation

c. Coagulation

d. Agglutination

84. An active clotting factor is:

a. Prothrombin

b. Fibrinogen

c. Fibrin

d. Renin

85. A foreign substance that induces an immune response is:

a. Antigen

b. Antibody

c. Rhesus factor

d. Virus

86. Agglutination simply means:

a. Clumping of red blood cells

b. Production of red blood cells

c. Distribution of red blood cells

d. Movement of red blood cells

87. Which is true about type O blood?

a. They can receive from type AB

b. They possess antibody A and B

c. They possess antigen A and B

d. They are always rhesus positive

88. What will happen if type A donates to type AB?

a. Agglutination will occur

b. Antibodies will be formed

c. There will be a successful transfusion

d. Blood clots will be formed.

89. Type B can only receive blood from:

a. Type A and AB

b. Type B and AB

c. Type B and O

d. Type O and AB

90. Type O can receive from:

a. O only

b. O and AB

c. O and A

d. O and B

91. In the rhesus system, the universal donor is:

a. O-

b. O+

c. AB-

d. AB+

92.  Which of this information about Rh- persons is false?    

a. They lack rhesus antigen.

b. They produce antibodies when exposed to Rh+ blood.

c. They are better recipients than Rh+ individuals.

d. They lack rhesus antibodies naturally.

93. The potential for haemolytic disease of the newborn is increased if:

a. A rhesus positive woman gives birth to a rhesus positive child.

b. A rhesus negative woman gives birth to a rhesus positive child.

c. A rhesus negative woman gives birth to a rhesus negative child.

d. A rhesus positive woman gives birth to a rhesus negative child.

94. Agglutination will occur if:

a. Type A donates to type AB

b. Type B receives from type O

c. Type AB donates to type AB

d. Type O receives from type AB

95. Thrombocytes are:

a. Red blood cells

b. White blood cells

c. Platelets

d. Lymphocytes

96. B cells and T cells are common designations for:

a. Neutrophils

b. Thrombocytes

c. Basophils

d. Lymphocytes

97. Macrophages are:

a. Monocytes

b. Lymphocytes

c. Thrombocytes

d. Leucocytes 

98. In adults, blood cells are formed majorly in:

a. Bone marrow

b. Liver

c. Spleen

d. Stomach

99. The hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells is called:

a. Haemoapoietin

b. Erythropoietin

c. Insulin

d. Glucagon

100. The most numerous white blood cells are:

a. Neutrophils

b. Basophils

c. Eosinophils

d. Lymphocytes

Answers

1. C

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. D

10. C

11. C

12. A

13. A

14. D

15. B

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. A

20. B

21. A

22. A

23. B

24. A

25. D

26. C

27. B

28. B

29. C

30. B

31. A

32. C

33. B

34. A

35. D

36. D

37. C

38. A

39. B

40. A

41. B

42. D

43. B

44. A

45. D

46. B

47. D

48. B

49. A

50. C

51. C

52. C

53. A

54. A

55. A

56. A

57. C

58. C

59. B

60. B

61. A

62. B

63. B

64. A

65. D

66. C

67. A

68. C

69. B

70. A

71. B

72. C

73. C

74. A

75. B

76. B

77. C

78. A

79. A

80. A

81. A

82. B

83. A

84. C

85. A

86. A

87. B

88. C

89. C

90. A

91. A

92. C

93. B

94. D

95. C

96. D

97. A

98. A

99. B

100. A